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| Fredric Wertham - Looking for bad in all the wrong places. |
If the notion of Karma truly exists, then Dr Wertham hunched over his typewriter pouring over his final draft should feel a sudden ripple of tension, perhaps even anger, and definitely a sense of shame, as my upraised middle finger in 2013 travels back in time, with all the vitriol and conviction an “up yours, you smarmy bastard!” could raise. (Being South African, those are not the words I have said in my head.)
My behavior is truly warranted, you have to understand that comic books in the 30’s and 40’s in the U.S. were in the throes of a golden age. Writers and Artists told bold exhilarating stories in beautifully rendered primary colored panels as spacemen and cowboys shared rack space with superhero’s, gangsters, axe murdering husbands and talking animals, to name but a few. There were simply no limitations to what stories could be told. They sold incredibly well. Printing runs were in the millions as an avid reading public of both children and adults bought every sort of comic book under the sun.
The significance of this golden age was the complete lack of internal pressures that curtailed the creative processes. Publisher and writers we in synch every step of the way as publishers realized (when the profits remained high) that fresh new stories would sell well. While on the production end, writers and artists came together to meet expectations of the reading public who were aching for something new, innovative and dynamic. There would’ve been a tipping point of course, every market and business consultant will tell you that markets re-adjust and the ‘bubble’ would burst, but still the potential of the time could have had just a few more years of great output if not for Dr Wertham.
Seduction of the Innocent, was McCarthyism at its best, as it stated boldly that comics was the cause of all the societal ills of the time with the accompanying witch-hunts and hearings that solvers of societal ill employed in their socielal ill solver list of weaponry. Comics, Seduction of the Innocent screamed, was responsible for inspiring violence in youth, for creating homosexuals in its depiction of some superheroes and comics mere existence the sign of a degenerative society (I’m feeling that karmic finger going up again), promoting stupidity, illiteracy and possibly communism and/or chlamydia.
The public hearings followed, and what followed the public hearings was the burning and boycotting of comics, until the inevitable conclusion of foreclosures and job losses. Men and women of stupendous creativity left comics (or forced out due to blacklisting), some never to return as the labels draped over them by Wertham and his followers of ‘do-gooders’ prevented them from working. Families were left broken as livelihoods were lost because of stupidity, fear and ignorance.
Having no recourse but to acquiesce to all the pressures from government and Wertham’s supporters, those left standing of what could laughably be called a comic book industry, created a federal regulatory body called the Comics Magazine Association of America, which set strict guide lines over what could be published.
The Comics Code Authority stood for 50 years till Marvel Comics in 2000 firmly and resolutely told the Association that it could take a long walk off a short pier. (Once again the South African version in my head is much different and more succinct.) The Code by then had been irrelevant. It took 50 years, let me type that again, 50. YEARS! Which is half a century, and half the lifetime of a human being, for us to have the right to read a comic book with the word ‘boob’ in it. (Yes the rules of the Code got changed to allow for more socially conscious works but something were still anathema. In the 80's and early 90's even with the Code rules changed, you still couldn't, for instance, mention a womens monthly cycle or depict same sex relationships in any sort of positive way. Publishers used the code as a good enough reason to prevent progressive views from being published.)
The Comics Code Authority stood for 50 years till Marvel Comics in 2000 firmly and resolutely told the Association that it could take a long walk off a short pier. (Once again the South African version in my head is much different and more succinct.) The Code by then had been irrelevant. It took 50 years, let me type that again, 50. YEARS! Which is half a century, and half the lifetime of a human being, for us to have the right to read a comic book with the word ‘boob’ in it. (Yes the rules of the Code got changed to allow for more socially conscious works but something were still anathema. In the 80's and early 90's even with the Code rules changed, you still couldn't, for instance, mention a womens monthly cycle or depict same sex relationships in any sort of positive way. Publishers used the code as a good enough reason to prevent progressive views from being published.)
The South African connection in all of this is chillingly simple to extrapolate:
Wertham was used as whip to keep book selection practices in line with what the government felt should be read. Comics was bad, Comics wasn’t a book, Comics was for people who couldn’t read, Comics were for stupid people, Comics were for anyone that wasn’t white. So progressive black and coloured teachers told their students to stay away from these works as this would stunt their revolutionary growth, and conservative 'status quo' teachers (and some librarians) felt that comics were beneath them because they would stunt the brain. Not that comic books weren't sold at the time, they were freely sold at newsagent and pharmacies, and local version of Superman and Batman were also published in the 60's, but God help you if you brought any of those comics to school or into a library circa 1960 to 1990. Your backside would be striped and your comic book contraband confiscated and burnt.
What is the greatest crime of all is that Wertham’s open war on all comic book media lingers in a more subtle form. Older librarians, teachers, grandparents even, when asked about comic book will have some recollection about how their interactions with comics were curtailed in their youth, and when faced with providing an opinion now, would have to think long and hard for even an off handed positive remark.
The final insult it seems is that Wertham’s opinions have sunk into a substrata of popular culture that carries all his generations negativity which OLDER folks these days unconsciously tap into when asked about comics. There’s no specific source of this negativity as it is always ascribed to “they”, as in “they say…”. Example: ‘They say reading comics stunts your reading ability.’
Wertham was used as whip to keep book selection practices in line with what the government felt should be read. Comics was bad, Comics wasn’t a book, Comics was for people who couldn’t read, Comics were for stupid people, Comics were for anyone that wasn’t white. So progressive black and coloured teachers told their students to stay away from these works as this would stunt their revolutionary growth, and conservative 'status quo' teachers (and some librarians) felt that comics were beneath them because they would stunt the brain. Not that comic books weren't sold at the time, they were freely sold at newsagent and pharmacies, and local version of Superman and Batman were also published in the 60's, but God help you if you brought any of those comics to school or into a library circa 1960 to 1990. Your backside would be striped and your comic book contraband confiscated and burnt.
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| One of the Faces of Apartheid - with the finger of Doom |
What is the greatest crime of all is that Wertham’s open war on all comic book media lingers in a more subtle form. Older librarians, teachers, grandparents even, when asked about comic book will have some recollection about how their interactions with comics were curtailed in their youth, and when faced with providing an opinion now, would have to think long and hard for even an off handed positive remark.
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The final insult it seems is that Wertham’s opinions have sunk into a substrata of popular culture that carries all his generations negativity which OLDER folks these days unconsciously tap into when asked about comics. There’s no specific source of this negativity as it is always ascribed to “they”, as in “they say…”. Example: ‘They say reading comics stunts your reading ability.’
And us poor public librarians in South Africa,(who only recently discovered email and then still use it in the most ass backwards way possible) with an average age of about 42 years (in upper management) will certainly remember those Wertham and Government generated stigmas about comics, despite The Dark Knight and The Avengers and Neil Gaiman and Geoff Johns and Grant Morrison and Robert Kirkman and Brian Michael Bendis and …etc ad infinitum have done to elevate the status of Comics to a legitimate form of Literary Media. I’m not saying the books aren’t there in the larger libraries but you have to look long and hard to find them in the majority (and more numerous) of smaller public libraries in excess of 25 titles that don’t start with Tin.. or Ast... and aren’t just for kids.
But I digress.
We are here to shov…show a finger where it deserves to be shov..shown.
This is an auspicious month in the year 2013. Wertham’s conclusions have been effectively debunked as hokum and chicanery of the vilest kind.
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| St Carol of Tilley |
Carol Tilley gained access to Werthams' papers in 2010, and set about working through said papers to see if there was a fact that old Freddy boy might have jiggled to make his crazy more palatable. And lo, the comic book world can now rejoice, and Tilley is my candidate for Comic-don’s sainthood as she has in fact confirmed that our Dr Wertham is a liar with a capital L.
So, if you love comics, raise your finger, face it North West and with all the strength and conviction that your Love for that wonderful medium can generate, say loudly and proudly:
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| You sir, are a Liar of Note. |
So, if you love comics, raise your finger, face it North West and with all the strength and conviction that your Love for that wonderful medium can generate, say loudly and proudly:
“I f---*ng LOVE comics!! And I am fine! Doctor. Wertham. ”
And if you’ve always wanted to try a comic and felt a bit apprehensive about the prospect but never really knew why;
It really is okay.
Promise.
We’ve been waiting for you to join us for quite some time.
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| Come one, Come all.
"Are arbitrary labels more important than the way we live our lives ?"
(Cyclops in the graphic novel X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills, written Chris Claremont, Art by Brent Anderson)
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